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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク fractional vortices ： ウィキペディア英語版 fractional vortices In a standard superconductor, described by a complex field fermionic condensate wave function (denoted $|\backslash Psi|e^$), vortices carry quantized magnetic fields because the condensate wave function $|\backslash Psi|e^$ is invariant to increments of the phase $\backslash phi$ by $2\backslash pi$. There a winding of the phase $$ by $2\backslash pi$ creates a vortex which carries one flux quantum. See quantum vortex. The term Fractional vortex is used for two kinds of very different quantum vortices which occur when: (i) A physical system allows phase windings different from $2\backslash pi\; \backslash times\; \backslash mathit$, i.e. non-integer or fractional phase winding. Quantum mechanics prohibits it in a uniform ordinary superconductor, but it becomes possible in an inhomogeneous system, for example, if a vortex is placed on a boundary between two superconductors which are connected only by an extremely weak link (also called a Josephson junction); such a situation also occurs in some cases in polycrystalline samples on grain boundaries etc. At such superconducting boundaries the phase can have a discontinuous jump. Correspondingly, a vortex placed onto such a boundary acquires a fractional phase winding hence the term fractional vortex. A similar situation occurs in Spin-1 Bose condensate, where a vortex with $\backslash pi$ phase winding can exist if it is combined with a domain of overturned spins. (ii) A different situation occurs in uniform multicomponent superconductors which allow stable vortex solutions with integer phase winding $2\backslash pi\; N$, where $N=\; \backslash pm\; 1,\; \backslash pm\; 2,\; ...$, which however carry arbitrarily fractionally quantized magnetic flux.〔Egor Babaev, (Vortices with Fractional Flux in Two-Gap Superconductors and in Extended Faddeev Model ) Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 067001.〕 == (i) Vortices with non-integer phase winding == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fractional vortices」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.